Northern industrial states favored high tariffs to protect manufacturers from foreign competition.

• A. Tariffs
• B. Duties
• C. Taxes
• D. Quotas

Answer: (A)

Tariffs are taxes on imported goods that raise their price relative to domestically produced goods. When the North had a growing factory-based economy, high tariffs were supported because they made foreign-made products more expensive and less able to compete with American-made goods. This helped protect and encourage domestic manufacturers.

Duties is another word for taxes on imports, but in historical context the policy most associated with protecting industry is the tariff. Quotas, on the other hand, limit the quantity of imports rather than raise their price, and a general tax could refer to many kinds of taxes, not specifically protective import taxes. So the option describing tariffs best captures the intended policy.