Which policy became United States foreign policy in 1823?

• A. Monroe Doctrine
• B. Truman Doctrine
• C. Roosevelt Corollary
• D. Non-Intercourse Act

Answer: (A)

The policy proclaimed in 1823 is a statement that the United States would shape its actions to keep the Western Hemisphere free from new European colonization and interference, while the United States would not involve itself in European wars. It set a clear stance: European powers should not establish or reestablish colonies in the Americas, and in return the United States would stay out of European conflicts. This created a lasting framework for U.S. involvement in hemispheric affairs and signaled a shift toward asserting influence in the Western Hemisphere. Over time, it was interpreted and extended, notably by the Roosevelt Corollary, but its original form in 1823 is the Monroe Doctrine. The other options belong to different eras and aims: the Truman Doctrine addresses post-World War II containment of communism; the Roosevelt Corollary (an expansion added later) broadens the Monroe Doctrine to authorize intervention; the Non-Intercourse Act was an early 19th-century trade policy.